Java and C++ both are high-level languages and both have somewhat similar syntax but have different uses, purposes, dynamics, advantages etc. C++ was the extension to C language. It inherits its syntax from C language and it adds object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm, so it was first called "C WithClass" then its name was renamed by C++. Java is totally based on object-oriented programming paradigm developed to overcome platform dependence problems. Java language is influenced by C++ because it inherits most of its syntax from C++, so it is from then being assumed that both are same languages but scenario is totally different in both languages.
C++ language was developed for making use of modern techniques and features by extending C language with some new features like static typing, object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm, generic programming, template metaprogramming, STL (Standard Template Library) and exception handling etc. But that not affect the C language, it remained the most dominant programming language at that time and now as well as system programming, drivers, compilers, utilities and language interpreters etc. C++ was developed for using existing features in C language and modern new features like OOP to code more easily in developing system programs and modern application programs as well. Because object-oriented programming technique has its own benefits like it make the coding easier and also reduce the complexity of the large programs and make them modifiable and manageable which is difficult in C language.
See the importance of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Java language was developed for reducing implementation dependencies between applications and platforms. java is primarily based on platform independence means one java program developed and compiled in one machine or platform can be run in another platform without recompiling it. The secondary aspect of java was to support networking because at that time other programming languages were not popular for developing network-based applications. Java is OOP-based language and much of its syntax is inherited from C++ and some features of Java are similar to C++ like exception handling, generics programming, collections framework (same as Standard Template Library in C++) and static typing etc.
Differences Between Java And C++
- C++ supports other programming paradigms along with OOP like procedural programming, template metaprogramming which is lack in java as java mostly based on OOP.
- C++ supports pointers which are used by the programmers for memory references and memory management, which can cause memory violations and memory faults but java does not support pointers, it has garbage collector which does all memory management automatically and make programmers free from this overhead but it can affect the performance in some situations.
- C++ is native language means it is compiled directly into execution code so it is fast as compared to java but its code then become platform dependent as java is interpreted language means java code first compiled into bytecode then that bytecode is interpreted by JVM (Java Virtual Machine) into execution code so java code is slow as compare to c++ but that code become platform independent and support WORA (write once, run anywhere) means it can be executed on any platform where JVM is supported.
- C++ needs compilers for development and execution but java needs compilers and interpreters.
- Java is concurrent language and has built-in support for multithreading but C++ doesn't have multithreading by language but latest version of C++ which is C++11 has external support for threads.
- C++ supports multiple inheritances as java does not support multiple inheritances but it provides interfaces which are used instead of multiple inheritances.
- C++ supports method overloading and operator overloading but java does not operator overloading except it support method overloading only.
- C++ supports destructors which are used by the programmer but java does not support it. Java has garbage collector which is used automatically for the same purpose but both have different pros and cons.
- Java has complete documentation of full language with "Javadoc" as C++ has not inline language documentation but third-party software "doxygen" is used for this purpose.
- In C++, header files are used at top of the program to include C++ libraries for using other functions. In Java, import statements are used at top of the program for using other classes and packages of java.
- C++ supports goto statement for the jump of execution from one point to another but java does not support goto. In Java, labeled break statements are used for this.
- C++ is more nearer to hardware than java.
- Java has much support for network programming as c++ has not. However, C++ does support socket programming.
- Java does not support unsigned integer, which is supported by C++.
Conclusion
Java and C++ both are powerful languages. Both languages have their own uses like C++ is best for system programming as Java is not and Java is best for networking as C++ is not. C++ is fast in execution but it is platform dependent and java is platform independent but slow as compared to C++. Both languages are best for application programming. C++ is best and widely used for video game development for desktop and other consoles like Xbox and PlayStation but java is not. Java is most widely used language in mobile development as Java has mobile version J2ME (Mobile Edition) and Android has also adopted java for android apps development and now Java is also being used in mobile game development in Android as well. So both languages have trade-offs and both are widely used programming languages.
Comparison Between Java And C++
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